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Advances in laboratory conditions of the eye caused by diabetes

An experimental work carried out by Argentine researchers failed to prevent and in some cases slow the progression of eye disease related to diabetes progression. It is diabetic retinopathy, a disease for which yet no effective therapeutic strategies, and mechanisms of prevention. The results, published in the journal The American Journal of Pathology, open new perspectives.

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults.

"After 10 years of diagnosis of the disease of diabetes to 30 percent of patients have a marked visual impairment. In our country it is estimated that there are about 1,800,000 people with diabetes " CyTA Agency told Dr. Ruth Rosenstein, director of the Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology in the Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of the UBA. He added: "Diabetic retinopathy is caused by arterio-venous damage may cause edema, retinal ischemia extravasation, ie, a reduction of blood flow, which has consequences for the retina, beyond depriving the tissue contribution of nutrients and oxygen. In many cases this deterioration affects the macula, the retinal area of \u200b\u200bmaximum visual acuity. It has been shown that diabetes affects different early retinal cell types, contributing to a progressive visual dysfunction. "

Currently there are no effective therapeutic strategies for prevention or reversal of diabetes-induced retinal damage, but different studies performed basic science to design new treatments. An investigation, conducted by Dr. Rosenstein -it-CONICET researcher, opens the way for the development of new therapies for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. The results of this study were published in the journal The American Journal of Pathology.

nietzscheano Focus
late nineteenth century, the philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 - 1900) proposed the now famous concept: "Whatever does not kill you makes you stronger" . "Almost a century later, scientists began to give this idea a significant 'biological meaning' , known under the name of ischemic conditioning. This conditioning is to produce a mild injury without significant consequences, which is capable of providing protection against a deep damage " Dr. Rosenstein said.

As explained by the researcher of the CONICET, the effectiveness of this strategy has been evaluated in different models of ischemia in the central nervous system with encouraging results. In the study, published in The American Journal of Pathology, Rosenstein and colleagues used an experimental model of diabetes in rats induced by injection of a drug, streptozotocin, which selectively kills pancreatic beta cells, insulin-producing . This drug causes a rapid and significant increase in glucose levels characteristic of type 1 diabetes.

Subsequently, the study authors applied subthreshold ischemic stimuli, which consisted of increased intraocular pressure for five minutes so as to cause ischemia (reduced blood flow) of very short duration "This intervention prevented progression and reversed retinal damage characteristic of this disease in rats. In this work, we developed a strategy similar to one 'vaccine against ischemia' , which is something like 'cure severe ischemia with mild ischemia,' "said Rosenstein . He concluded: "The conditioning ischemic no sólo activa mecanismos que contrarrestan la cascada de eventos que dañan la retina, sino también contribuye a ‘reprogramar’ la respuesta a la isquemia. Si bien aún resta identificar los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en la respuesta desencadenada, esperamos que su logro nos permita desarrollar estrategias farmacológicas accesibles, que posibiliten una recuperación de la función visual en pacientes con diabetes.”

La relevancia de este trabajo radica en la posibilidad de ampliar el espectro de terapias disponibles para el tratamiento de una causa frecuente de ceguera como es la retinopatía diabética. En el estudio también participaron researchers Histology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Morón.

In the experiment, the study authors used a dye that sticks to a protein (albumin) that is in the blood. When vessels are healthy albumin is contained within the vessels. in diabetic retinopathy (Figure B), albumin "escapes" of eye glasses because the barrier of malfunctioning vessels. As shown in the photo C , the researchers managed to prevent this complication in the rat eye.